A global responsibility pedro piqueras1,2, ashley vizenor1,2 1university of california, riverside, department of chemical and environmental engineering. Established and unsettled clinical outcomes related to air pollution gaseous. Some of the most common diseases that are caused by air pollution include asthma and cardiovascular disease. What are the health costs of environmental pollution. Air pollution levels have come down since the 1970s, but smog is being linked with a growing list of diseases, including dementia, obesity, diabetes and even parkinsons. Air pollution, climate and health world health organization. Outdoor air pollution was responsible for six per cent of the total disease burden in india in 2016, a new study has said at a time when thick.
Many common infections can spread by airborne transmission are tuberculosis, influenza, small pox. Jul 11, 2017 10 most common diseases caused by air pollution. Air pollution increases prevalence of hypertension. This pollution has undoubtedly led to an increased number of pollutionrelated diseases although it should be noted that this transition is necessary in reducing deaths from householdindoor pollution. The clinical handbook of air pollutionrelated diseases will greatly assist doctors and healthcare workers when dealing with the consequences of air pollution in their everyday practice and will provide researchers, industry, and policymakers with valuable facts and insights. Gbd maps global burden of disease from major air pollution sources is designed to estimate the current and future burdens of disease attributable to ambient air pollution from coalburning and other major pm.
The european commission has developed a series of framework directives for controlling ambient air pollution and monitoring concentrations. Clinical handbook of air pollutionrelated diseases. As air pollution is a global hazard, one should be very concerned about its quality. Policy brief for gsdr 2016 update the rapidly growing death. The world health organization has stated that air pollution accounts for 1. For environmental health science students air pollution mengesha admassu, mamo wubeshet university of gondar in collaboration with the ethiopia public health training initiative, the carter center, the ethiopia ministry of health, and the ethiopia ministry of education august 2006.
Dippoliti et al studied 6531 patients in rome who were hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction from january 1995 to june 1997. Estimates from the gbd 20 study aaron j cohen health effects institute may 2, 2016 on behalf of the gbd air pollution core analytic team. The south east asian and western pacific regions bear most of the burden with 1. An airborne disease is caused by droplets of pathogens which are expelled into the air by coughing, sneezing or talking. It has a number of different emission sources, but motor vehicles and industrial processes contribute the major part of air pollution. They are further differentiated as shortterm and longterm disease conditions. Air pollution diseases environmental pollution centers. Near busy roads, in urban areas especially during rush hour, and in industrial areas. Jun 03, 2014 air pollution is the cause and aggravating factor of many respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd 11,12, asthma 12, and lung cancer 14,15. Bibliographical databaseswholis, hinari, who libraries, documentation centres policy documentsimportant. Outdoor air pollution involves exposures that take place outside of the built environment.
Air pollution has become a public health concern all over the world. Air pollution data were taken from 5 city monitors. Air pollution and heart disease research air pollution is known to cause a variety of health problems, including effects on the heart, nervous, and vascular system. Whoeurope noncommunicable diseases and air pollution 2019.
However, pollution receives a fraction of the interest from the global community. Air pollution is a significant risk factor for a number of pollutionrelated diseases, including respiratory infections, heart disease, copd, stroke and lung cancer. Nationwide study of women reveals that those with diabetes are most susceptible to the adverse cardiovascular risks posed by exposure to air pollution. What is my risk of dying prematurely from air pollution. Soil pollution diseases environmental pollution centers. Air pollution respiratory and lung diseases including o asthma attacks o chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd o reduced lung function o pulmonary cancer caused by a series of carcinogen chemicals that through inhalation o mesothelioma a particular type of lung cancer, usually associated with exposure to asbestos it usually. Air pollution diseases, causes and effects of air pollution. Cdc healthy places respiratory health and air pollution. A comprehensive treatment ofeach ofthese three areas is beyond the scope of a single book, however. Respiratory diseases and health disorders related to indoor and outdoor air pollution springerlink.
Impact of air pollution in respiratory allergic diseases. Institute for health metrics and evaluations global burden of disease project and the health. More diseases from air pollution uncovered by improved data. The impact of air pollution on deaths, disease burden, and life. Air pollution linked to chronic heart disease date. Chronic respiratory diseases are the most important respiratory diseases and affect more than 500 million people. Diseases caused by pollution lead to the chronic illness and deaths of about 8. Jul 20, 2018 the world health organization estimates that 9 out of 10 people in the world are breathing air containing high levels of pollutants 5.
In this study of possible long term effects of air pollution, the sickness absence experience of british civil servants is used to supplement mortality data available from the registrar generals publications. Cardiac patients living in high pollution areas were found to be over 40. The present book is devoted to an indepthanalysis ofthe gen eration and control of air pollutants at their source, which we refer to as air pollution engineering. Ionizing and nonionizing radiation and noise are also causes for concern in many cases. It is made worse by the fact that everyone could be exposed because everyone needs to breathe. Those associations understood, it becomes clear that outdoor air pollution is likely to be an even greater cause of mortality across the globe than is currently recognized. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. Nov 15, 2017 outdoor air pollution was responsible for six per cent of the total disease burden in india in 2016, a new study has said at a time when thick smog hung low over delhincr, leaving residents. Is air pollution affecting the disease activity in patients with systemic. Burden of disease from household air pollution for 2012. Air pollution is associated with increased hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases with increases in acute morbidity and mortality. Consequences of air pollution co 2 is a good transmitter of sunlight, but it also partially restricts infrared radiation going back from the earth into space, which produces the socalled greenhouse effect that prevents a drastic cooling of the earth during the night increasing the amount of co 2 in the atmosphere. Air pollution is a major concern of new civilized world, which has a serious toxicological impact on human health and the environment.
Heart disease, stroke, and outdoor air pollution, epa456. Struggle against air pollution seems to be a longtime task for both developed countries and developing countries 1618, especially china 17,1921. Particle pollution levels can be high any time of year. Land or soil pollution diseases are those diseases caused by pollutants from the landdirtsoil. Burden of disease from household air pollution for 2012 summary of results globally, 4. These include stroke and heart disease, respiratory illness and cancers.
Air pollution and other local factors in respiratory disease. Exposure to combustiongenerated fine particulate matter has been stated as the prime reason behind people. More diseases from air pollution uncovered by improved. Air pollution is undoubtedly the most problematic type of pollution, as it may involve serious longterm health effects. Asthma may not be directly caused by air pollution, asthma attacks can be triggered by high levels of air pollution. Air pollution problems and diseases caused by hazardous gases corresponding author. Environmental pollution and the global burden of disease. Secondhand smoke causes severe respiratory health problems in children such as asthma and reduced lung function. Clinical handbook of air pollution related diseases. Even if they are likely to be underdiagnosed, it is estimated that asthma affects. Air pollution is a significant risk factor for a number of pollution related diseases, including respiratory infections, heart disease, copd, stroke and lung cancer.
Air pollution is a much bigger cause of death from heart disease and stroke than has previously been recognized, according to findings from one of the largest studies ever to examine the issue. Air pollution can make it harder for people with asthma and other respiratory breathing diseases to breathe. The air pollution and respiratory health branch of the national center for environmental health directs the centers for disease control and preventions fight against respiratory illness associated with air pollution. You can choose the water you drink, but you cant do much about the air you breathe. Air pollution is the second leading cause of deaths from noncommunicable diseases ncds, after tobaccosmoking. Diseases caused by air pollution air pollution is a major concern among conservationists and environmentalists. A significant body of research has shown that longterm exposure to fine particulate matter, known as pm 2. Mar 14, 2015 chronic respiratory diseases are the most important respiratory diseases and affect more than 500 million people.
Boston, ma air pollution is a major risk factor for. Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other living organisms such as. Air pollution is a mixture of manmade and natural substances that bind with the clean air in the atmosphere. The effects of air pollution, in fact, are still largely unknown.
Here are some of the common diseases, causes and health effects by air pollution and how can we prevent from these by using air purifiers. Dec 01, 2003 water pollution, sanitation and hygiene, indoor air pollution, and to a lesser extent outdoor air pollution and exposures to chemicals in both the indoor and outdoor environment are all important risk factors in this respect. The rapidly growing death toll attributed to air pollution sustainable. Many western countries had done exclusive studies on air quality and related diseases, which revealed the seriousness of the problem worldwide. More diseases from air pollution uncovered by improved data material date. Find out how you can protect yourself if youre living with asthma. Pdf chronic respiratory diseases are the most important respiratory diseases and affect more than 500 million people. Children living near diesel trucking routes are more likely to have decreased lung function, bronchitis and allergies. While the serious risks of acute smog episodes are well recognized, the insidious effects of lesser, but more continued atmospheric pollution, are less clearly understood.
The list of diseases linked to air pollution is growing. This includes diseases caused by substance abuse, exposure to toxic chemicals, and physical factors in the environment, like uv radiation from the sun, as well as genetic predisposition. Diseases caused by air pollution can be mostly related to organs of the body exposed to air like lungs, skin, eyes and also the brain due to high dependency for oxygen supply. Air pollution is the cause and aggravating factor of many respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd 11,12, asthma 12, and lung cancer 14,15. Syed zafar ilyas 126 environment from human activities, sci. Good health and personal registers in combination with model.
Jan 31, 2007 air pollution is a much bigger cause of death from heart disease and stroke than has previously been recognized, according to findings from one of the largest studies ever to examine the issue. The epigenetic, cellular and molecular mechanisms that directly or indirectly intervene in allergic diseases, and how they contribute to the negative impact of patients quality of life have not yet been extensively described. Air pollution is linked to lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases ischaemic heart disease and stroke. The diseases caused by air pollution include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, heart disease and emphysema. Air pollution is a major planetary health risk, with india estimated to have some.
Air quality and health whoeurope world health organization. The relevant pathogens may be viruses, bacteria, or fungi. The uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lungs can cause permanent damage to the lungs if not treated on time. Diseases caused by air pollution greentumble air pollution july 20, 2018 take a breathersomething we do or suggest to others they do a few times a day to catch our breath after some exercise or to just take a break after some particularly stressful or hard activity. Assessment of the impacts of air pollution on population health and the evaluation of trends relative to other major risk factors requires regularly updated, accurate, spatially resolved exposure estimates. Air pollution, disease, and mortality natural medicine. Air pollution threatens the health of humans and other living beings in our planet. Pdf air pollution has wideranging and deleterious effects on human health.
Air pollution is the second leading cause of deaths from noncommunicable. Particulate air pollution has also been associated with respiratory related infant mortality, even at relatively low pm levels that are commonly experienced in the united states. Respiratory diseases and health disorders related to indoor. The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the bodys respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. Apr 06, 2012 air pollution respiratory and lung diseases including o asthma attacks o chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd o reduced lung function o pulmonary cancer caused by a series of carcinogen chemicals that through inhalation o mesothelioma a particular type of lung cancer, usually associated with exposure to asbestos it usually. A study conducted in china revealed that exposure to fine particulate air pollution is more strongly linked to deaths among people with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd, than in the overall. Air pollution linked to chronic heart disease sciencedaily. In 2018, the third united nations highlevel meeting on ncds recognized household and outdoor air pollution as a risk factor for ncds, alongside unhealthy diets, tobaccosmoking, harmful use of alcohol and physical inactivity. This post shall be focusing on 10 of such diseases caused by the air pollution and what pollutants cause them. Pdf causes, consequences and control of air pollution. The burden of disease from air pollution air quality impacts on health. Burden of disease attributable to coal burning and other. The health condition asthma can also be caused by air pollution.
It creates smog and acid rain, causes cancer and respiratory diseases, reduces the ozone layer atmosphere and. Effects of air pollution on human health and practical. This pollution has undoubtedly led to an increased number of pollution related diseases although it should be noted that this transition is necessary in reducing deaths from householdindoor pollution. In addition, herbalists have created countless detox and cleansing drinks to heal the body against the damages caused by pollution. Respiratory diseases and health disorders related to. Outdoor and indoor air pollution cause respiratory and other diseases, which can be fatal. Indoor air pollution from biological agents in indoor air related to damp and mould increases the risk of respiratory disease in children and adults by 50%. Ambient air pollution exposure estimation for the global. Jun 05, 2012 air pollution linked to chronic heart disease date. Asthma and outdoor air pollution epa pdf icon pdf 499 kb. Pollutants of major public health concern include particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Air pollution engineering california institute of technology.
Pdf respiratory diseases and health disorders related to. Household combustion devices, motor vehicles, industrial facilities and forest fires are common sources of air pollution. Presence of any substance which has harmful effects on human or environmental health sources of pollution. Air pollution is a key factor in the development and increase of ard exacerbations. Heart disease, stroke, and outdoor air pollution, epa456f. Allergic respiratory disease, which includes allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma, is one of the most common diseases, with a major impact on a patients quality of life. Environment and health process, as reflected in the outcome documents of the. Environmental diseases are a direct result from the environment. Apr 20, 2017 air pollution has historically been an unfortunate byproduct of the energydriven process necessary for poverty alleviation. Air pollution caused 6% of total disease burden in india. Air pollution and its effects on health case studies, india.
Exposure to ambient air pollution is a major risk factor for global disease. Burden of disease attributable to major air pollutionsources in india. Jan 30, 20 the diseases caused by air pollution include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, heart disease and emphysema. Jan 22, 2014 more diseases from air pollution uncovered by improved data material date. Air pollution problems and diseases caused by hazardous gases. When there is smoke in the air from wood stoves, fireplaces, burning vegetation, or forest fires. Richard burnett, h ross anderson, mohammad forouzanfar, joseph frostad and the global burden of disease collaboration. In children, air pollution is linked to asthma and bronchitis, increases in school absences and er visits.
Air pollution is a mixture of natural and manmade substances in the air we breathe. The promotion of medical literacy in this sense is crucial. The rapidly growing death toll attributed to air pollution. Air pollution is linked directly with diseases that kill. Air pollution caused 6% of total disease burden in india in. This is in part because pollution causes so many diseases that it is often difficult to draw and alsoa straight line between cause and effect. Hailed as one of the most dangerous diseases caused by air pollution, lung cancer if not treated well can lead to death. And the world bank, along with the institute for health metrics and evaluation released a report showing that diseases from air pollution caused one in ten deaths five years ago, in 20 6.
Hundreds of laws aim to reduce this phenomenon and minimize its effects. Sep 01, 2016 air pollution is a major concern of new civilized world, which has a serious toxicological impact on human health and the environment. Reducing premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases. Pdf expert position paper on air pollution and cardiovascular. Air pollution has historically been an unfortunate byproduct of the energydriven process necessary for poverty alleviation. The main ncds associated with air pollution include ischaemic heart disease. Noncommunicable diseases and air pollution 2019 whoeurope.
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